Comment on Dissociation between running economy and running performance in elite Kenyan distance runners

Mooses and colleagues suggest that running economy alone does not explain superior distance running performance in elite Kenyan runners. Whilst we agree with the multi-factorial hypothesis for Kenyan running success, we do not believe that running economy can be overlooked to the extent that it was based on this particular study. Based on the methods used and the range of athletes tested, in this response letter we question whether this study provides any basis for downplaying the influence of running economy or suggesting that other factors compensate for it to enable superior performance.     

Effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise on body composition,glycaemic and lipid profile and aerobic capacity of obese rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session on body composition, and glycaemic and lipid profile in obese rats. Sixteen lean Zucker rats and sixteen obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into exercise and sedentary subgroups (4 groups, n = 8). Exercise consisted of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session. The animals trained 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles and inflammatory markers were assessed.

Results showed that fat mass was reduced in both lean and obese rats following the exercise training (effect size (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.8 (0.5–3.0)). Plasma low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol and fasting glucose were lower in the exercise compared to the sedentary groups (d = 2.0 (0.7–3.2) and 1.8 (0.5–3.0), respectively). Plasma insulin was reduced in exercise compared to sedentary groups (d = 2.1 (0.8–3.4)). Some exercise × phenotype interactions showed that the highest decreases in insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, fasting and postprandial glucose were observed in the obese + exercise group (all, P < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise would improve body composition, and lipid and glycaemic profiles, especially in obese rats.     

应当重视师范生的信息素养和能力培养

21世纪即将来临，师范计算机教育关系到下一代教师的整体素质，是当前教育改革的重要课题。本文从分析信息时代的教师应该具备的信息养素和信息技术能力出发，剖析了当前师范计算机教育中存在的一些问题，提出了改革的思路和建议。     

钢筋混凝土构造柱在砖砌体结构中的应用

本文结合工程实例，通过对调协钢筋混凝土构造柱的砖砌体结构的作用机理，承载力验算等的分析和探讨，说明了钢筋混凝土构造柱的砖砌体结构中的作用。     

提升网络学术期刊传播能力的实践与思考

为提升网络学术期刊的传播能力,提高网络学术期刊的发行质量,针对网络学术期刊的特点,围绕其发行与传播环境,并结合对2015年我国SCI收录期刊的实证分析,提出提升网络学术期刊传播能力的对策。网络学术期刊传播能力的提升,需要编辑树立互联网思维,需要建立健全多渠道的发行途径,重视标识符的使用以及重视挖掘语义出版等新出版模式。学术期刊的发展应顺应时代潮流,新元素和新出版模式的使用将成为网络学术期刊发展的必然趋势。     

Effects of coffee and caffeine anhydrous on strength and sprint performance

Caffeine and coffee are widely used among active individuals to enhance performance. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of acute coffee (COF) and caffeine anhydrous (CAF) intake on strength and sprint performance. Fifty-four resistance-trained males completed strength testing, consisting of one-rep max (1RM) and repetitions to fatigue (RTF) at 80% of 1RM for leg press (LP) and bench press (BP). Participants then completed five, 10-second cycle ergometer sprints separated by one minute of rest. Peak power (PP) and total work (TW) were recorded for each sprint. At least 48 hours later, participants returned and ingested a beverage containing CAF (300?mg flat dose; yielding 3–5?mg/kg bodyweight), COF (8.9?g; 303?mg caffeine), or placebo (PLA; 3.8?g non-caloric flavouring) 30 minutes before testing. LP 1RM was improved more by COF than CAF (p?=?.04), but not PLA (p?=?.99). Significant interactions were not observed for BP 1RM, BP RTF, or LP RTF (p?>?.05). There were no sprint?×?treatment interactions for PP or TW (p?>?.05). 95% confidence intervals revealed a significant improvement in sprint 1 TW for CAF, but not COF or PLA. For PLA, significant reductions were observed in sprint 4 PP, sprint 2 TW, sprint 4 TW, and average TW; significant reductions were not observed with CAF or COF. Neither COF nor CAF improved strength outcomes more than PLA, while both groups attenuated sprint power reductions to a similar degree. Coffee and caffeine anhydrous may be considered suitable pre-exercise caffeine sources for high-intensity exercise.     

IR58025A的繁殖

IR5 8 0 2 5A是一个很优越的不育系 ,由它配制的Mestizo ,在菲律宾种子供不应求。但是应用面积一直不能扩大。IR5 80 2 5A纯度低、繁殖制种产量低是重要的制约因素。作者在菲律宾SLAgritechCorp工作期间 ,对IR5 80 2 5A&B群体进行了观察分析 ,确认IR5 80 2 5A纯度低的原因是混杂 ,于是繁殖田不喷赤霉素、严格除杂。同时运用异交力学说 ,分析繁殖制种低产的原因主要是柱头活力低、传粉效率低等 ,采取选择适宜地域季节、喷硼酸、父本双行改单行、加强父本培育、改进赤霉素喷施技术、竹杆赶粉改绳索赶粉……等对策 ,使产量成倍提高。运用科学理论 ,抓住症结 ,因地制宜 ,针对性地采取简便易行对策 ,迅速扫除了障碍。 2 0 0 2年 10月在菲律宾 2 2ha繁殖田收获IR5 80 2 5A种子的纯度超过 99.9% ,平均产量 1.77t/ha .     

试论体育与健康课程教师智能素质的培养

从分析现代人的智能素质的构成与相互关系入手 ,结合学校体育与健康课程的发展及社会体育对高校体育教育专业学生的要求 ,讨论高师体育教育专业学生智能素质的培养     

童亭煤矿矿井充水条件分析

分析了童亭煤矿矿井的充水水源、充水通道、矿井涌水量，“四含水层”是矿井主要的涌水水源之一，主采煤层顶底板砂岩裂隙水，直接影响矿井生产，水量在330m^3／h左右，10煤底板“灰岩水”在遇导水断层或陷落柱时，有突水淹井的可能。     

水电站枯水流量历时分析在动能经济计算中的应用

针对一个小型水电站的设计过程,并以该水电站的设计为算例,论证径流式无调节水电站的动能经济计算分析,必须考虑枯水流量历时对水电站动能经济和效益影响.